Actual Freedom – Definitions

Definitions

Harmless; Innocuous


Harmless:

[Dictionary Definitions]:

• harmless (adjective): 1. free from injury or damage; unharmed (now rare). 2. free from guilt; innocent. (now rare or obsolete). 3. free from liability to punishment or payment for damages (now rare). 4. doing or causing no harm; inoffensive, innocuous; harmlessly (adverb); harmlessness (noun). Synonyms: 1. a harmless substance; innocuous, innoxious, safe, non-dangerous, non-toxic, non-irritant, mild. 2. a harmless old man; innocuous, inoffensive, unoffending, innocent, blameless, gentle. [from ‘harm’ + ‘-less’]. (© 1998 Oxford Dictionary).

• harmless (adjective): devoid of hurtful qualities; hurtless, innocent, innocuous, inoffensive, unoffensive; free from guilt or blame; blameless, faultless, guiltless, innocent, irreproachable, lily-white, unblamable; slang: clean; idiom: in the clear; harmlessly (adverb); harmlessness (noun). (© 1992,1996 The American Heritage Dictionary).

• harmless (adjective): 1. free from harm, liability, or loss 2. lacking capacity or intent to injure; innocuous; harmlessly (adverb); harmlessness (noun). (©1994 Merriam-Webster, Inc.).

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Harmless (Etymology):

The etymology of the word harmless (harm + less) is rather instructive as it comes, via Middle English, from the Anglo-Saxon word hearm, meaning grief, from the Old Norse harmr, meaning grief, sorrow (plus there is also the Danish harme, meaning wrath; the Swedish harm, meaning anger, grief; and the German Harm, also meaning grief).

Thus, although the word harm nowadays refers to physical injury/damage as well – the American Heritage Dictionary lists it as meaning ‘physical or psychological injury or damage’ and the Collins Dictionary has it meaning ‘physical or mental injury or damage’ – its affective-only origins are also attested by the legal term ‘grievous bodily harm’ (rather than just the words ‘grievous harm’).

I have touched upon this before ... for instance (in 2004):

• [Richard]: (...) it may be worthwhile bearing in mind that it is impossible to be happy (be happy as in being carefree), as distinct from feeling happy, without being harmless (being harmless as in being innocuous), as distinct from feeling harmless, and to be happy *and* harmless is to be unable to induce suffering – etymologically the word ‘harmless’ (harm + less) comes from the Old Norse ‘harmr’ (meaning grief, sorrow) – either in oneself or another. (Actual Freedom Mailing List, No. 62, 26 March 2004)

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Innocuous:

[Dictionary Definitions]:

• innocuous (adjective): not harmful or injurious; harmless; inoffensive; innocuously: adverb; innocuousness: noun. Synonyms: 1. an innocuous substance; harmless, unhurtful, uninjurious, safe, danger-free, non-poisonous. 2. an innocuous person; harmless, inoffensive, unobjectionable, unexceptionable, unoffending, mild, peaceful. [from Latin ‘innocuus’, from ‘in-’ + ‘nocuus’, from ‘nocere’ (hurt) + ‘-ous’] (© 1998 Oxford Dictionary).

• innocuous (adjective): 1. producing no injury: harmless 2. not likely to give offence or to arouse strong feelings or hostility; inoffensive. (©1994 Merriam-Webster, Inc.).


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