Actual Freedom – Definitions

Definitions

Epidemiology


Epidemiology:

epidemiological assessments (...) are not scientific:

• The cardinal rule of epidemiology, albeit observed more in the breach than the observation these days, is that correlation does *not* equal causation ... whereas science is all about causation (cause and effect).

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Epidemiological Assessments:

Mr. Nimmo Smith, a Scottish Judge, had the following to say (in a 1,121 page/350,000 word/15 month deliberation):

• ‘Epidemiology cannot be used to establish causation in any individual case and the use of statistics applicable to the general population to determine the likelihood of causation in an individual is fallacious’. (from paragraph 9.10; 2005, CSOH 69; Outer House, Court Of Session, Scotland).

He also made this point:

• ‘It must be emphasized that our system is evidence-based. My duty as a fact-finder is exactly the same as that of a jury, who in terms of their oath are bound to ‘give a true verdict according to the evidence’. (from paragraph 1.10; [2005] CSOH 69; Outer House, Court Of Session, Scotland).


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